NAME
psmeca - Plot focal mechanisms on maps
SYNOPSIS
psmeca files -Jparameters -Rwest/east/south/north [-Btick-
info] [-Cpen] [-Ddepmin/depmax] [-Efill] [-Gfill] [-H[n]]
[-K] [-Lpen] [-M] [-N] [-O] [-P] [-S<symbol><scale>[/d]]
[-Tnum_of_plane[<pen>]] [-U[label]] [-V] [-Wpen] [-Xx-shift]
[-Yy-shift] [-Zcptfile] [-z] [-a<size> [P_symbol>[T_symbol]]
[-gfill] [-efill] [-ppen] [-tpen] [-:] [-ccopies]
DESCRIPTION
psmeca reads data values from files [or standard input] and
generates PostScript code that will plot focal mechanisms on
a map. Most options are the same as for psxy. The
PostScript code is written to standard output.
ARGUMENTS
files List one or more file-names. If no files are given,
psvelomeca will read standard input.
-J Selects the map projection. Scale is cm/degree, 1:xxxxx.
or width in cm (upper case modifier).
See psbasemap manpages for details.
-R west, east, south, and north specify the Region of
interest. To specify your boundaries in degrees and
minutes, use the dd:mm format.
-SSelects the meaning of the columns in the data file
In order to use the same file to plot cross-sections, depth
is in third column. Nevetheless, it is possible to use "old
style" psvelomeca input files without depth in third column
using -o option.
-Sascale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]. Focal mechanisms in
Aki and Richard convention. scale adjusts the scaling of
the radius of the "beach ball", which will be proportional
to the magnitude. Scale is the size for magnitude = 5. in
inch (unless c, i, m, or p is appended). Use the -T option
to render the beach ball transparent by drawing only the
nodal planes and the circumference. The color or shade of
the compressive quadrants can be specified with the -G
option. The color or shade
of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E
option. Parameters are expected to be in the following
columns:
1,2 longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges
order)
3 depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6
strike, dip and rake in degrees
7 magnitude
8,9 longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball.
Entries in these columns are necessary with the -C
option. Using 0,0 in columns 8 and 9 will plot the
beach ball at the latitude, longitude given in columns
1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the order of
columns (1,2) and (8,9).
10 Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).
-Scscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]. Focal mechanisms in
Harvard CMT convention. scale adjusts the scaling of the
radius of the "beach ball", which will be proportional to
the magnitude. Scale is the size for magnitude = 5 (that is
M0 = 4.0E23 dynes-cm) in inch (unless c, i, m, or p is
appended). Use the -T option to render the beach ball tran-
sparent by drawing only the nodal planes and the circumfer-
ence. The color or shade of the compressive quadrants can be
specified with the -G option. The color or shade
of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E
option. Parameters are expected to be in the following
columns:
1,2 longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges
order)
3 depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6
strike, dip, and rake of plane 1
7,8,9
strike, dip, and rake of plane 2
10,11
mantissa and exponent of moment in dyne-cm
12,13
longitude,longitude at which to place beach ball.
Entries in these columns are necessary with the -C
option. Using (0,0) in columns 11 and 12 will plot the
beach ball at the latitude, longitude given in columns
1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the order of
columns (1,2) and (12,13).
14 Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).
-Smscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]. Seismic moment tensor
(Harvard CMT, with zero trace). scale adjusts the scaling of
the radius of the "beachball", which will be proportional to
the magnitude. Scale is the size for magnitude = 5 (that is
scalar seismic moment = 4.0E23 dynes-cm) in inch (unless c,
i, m, or p is appended). (-T0 option overlays best double
couple transparently.) Put -Sdscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
to plot the only double couple part of moment tensor. Put
-Szscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot anisotropic part of
moment tensor (zero trace). The color or shade of the
compressive quadrants can be specified with the -G option.
The color or shade
of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E
option. Parameters are expected to be in the following
columns
1,2 longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges
order)
3 depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6,7,8,9
mrr, mtt, mff, mrt, mrf, mtf in 10*exponent dynes-cm
10 exponent
11,12
latitude,longitude at which to place beach ball.
Entries in these columns are necessary with the -C
option. Using 0,0 in columns 9 and 10 will plot the
beach ball at the latitude, longitude given in columns
1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the order of
columns (1,2) and (9,10).
13 Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).
-Spscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]. Focal mechanisms given
with partial data on both palnes. scale adjusts the scaling
of the radius of the "beach ball", which will be propor-
tional to the magnitude. Scale is the size for magnitude = 5
in inch (unless c, i, m, or p is appended). The color or
shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified with the
-G option. The color or shade
of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E
option. Parameters are expected to be in the following
columns
1,2 longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges
order)
3 depth of event in kilometers
4,5 strike, dip of plane 1
6 strike of plane 2
7 must be -1/+1 for a normal/inverse fault
8 magnitude
9,10 latitude,longitude at which to place beach ball.
Entries in these columns are necessary with the -C
option. Using 0,0 in columns 9 and 10 will plot the
beach ball at the latitude, longitude given in columns
1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the order of
columns (1,2) and (9,10).
11 Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).
-Sxscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]. principal axis. scale
adjusts
the scaling of the radius of the "beachball", which will be
proportional to the magnitude. Scale is the size for magni-
tude = 5 (that is seismic scalar moment = 4*10e+23 dynes-cm)
in inch (unless c, i, m, or p is appended). (-T0 option
overlays best double couple transparently.) Put
-Syscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot the only double
couple part of moment tensor. Put
-Stscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot zero trace
moment tensor. The color or shade of the compressive qua-
drants can be specified with the -G option. The color or
shade
of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E
option. Parameters are expected to be in the following
columns
1,2 longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges
order)
3 depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
value (in 10*exponent dynes-cm), azimuth, plunge of T,
N, P axis.
13 exponent
14,15
latitude,longitude at which to place beach ball.
Entries in these columns are necessary with the -C
option. Using 0,0 in columns 9 and 10 will plot the
beach ball at the latitude, longitude given in columns
1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the order of
columns (1,2) and (9,10).
16 Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).
-R west, east, south, and north specify the region of
interest. To specify your boundaries in degrees and
minutes, use the dd:mm format by appending 'm'.
OPTIONS
No space between the option flag and the associated argu-
ments.
-B Sets map boundary tickmark intervals. See psbasemap for
details.
-C[pen][Ppointsize] Offsets focal mechanisms to the latitude
and longitude specified in the last two columns of the input
file. Default is default pen.
A small circle is plotted at the initial location. Add
P<pointsize value> to change the size of the circle.0);
-D depmin/depmax Plots events between depmin and depmax.
-Efill Selects filling of extensive quadrants. Usually
white. Set the shade (0255) or color (r/g/b) [Default is
255/255/255].
-Gfill Selects filling of focal mechanisms. By convention,
the compressional quadrants of the focal mechanism beach
balls are shaded. Set the shade (0-255) or color (r/g/b)
[Default is 0/0/0].
-H[n] Input file(s) has n Header record(s). Number of header
records can be changed by editing your .gmtdefaults file. If
used, GMT-SYSTEM default is 1 header record.
-K Means more PostScript code will be appended later.
[Default terminates the plot system]
-L[pen] Draws the "beach ball" outline with pen attributes.
Default is black. pen attributes.
-N Does NOT skip symbols that fall outside frame boundary
specified by -R [Default plots symbols inside frame only].
-O Selects Overlay plot mode. [Default initializes a new
plot system]
-P Selects Portrait plotting mode. [Default is Landscape]
-T[num_of_plane] Plots the nodal planes and outline the bub-
ble which is transparent.
num_of_plane equal 0 : both nodal planes are plotted;
num_of_plane equal 1 : the only first nodal plane is
plotted;
num_of_plane equal 2 : the only second nodal plane is
plotted;
-U Draws Unix System time stamp on plot. Append c to plot
the command line or a text string of your choice.
-V Verbose. Reports the name of the current file being
plotted, as well as number of records.
-W Set default pen attributes.
[Defaults: width = 1, color = 0/0/0, texture = solid].
-X -Y Shift origin of plot by (x-shift,y-shift) inches
[Default is (1,1) for new plots, (0,0) for overlays].
-Zcptfile Give a color palette file and let compressive part
color be determined by the z-value in the third column.
-z Overlay zero trace moment tensor.
-a[axis_symbol_size[c/i][/P_axis_symbol[T_axis_symbol]]]
Computes and plots P and T axis. - axis_symbol_size in inch
[default is 0.2 cm or 0.08 inches]. inch (unless c, i, m,
or p is appended)
- default P and T axis symbols is 'c'
Choose between the following : (c) circle, (d) diamond, (h)
hexagon, (i) inverse triangle, (p)point, (s) square, (t)
triangle, (x) cross.
-efill Selects filling of T axis symbol. Set the shade
(0255) or color (r/g/b). Default is white.
-gfill Selects filling of P axis symbol. Set the shade
(0255) or color (r/g/b). Default black.
-p[pen] Draws the P axis outline using default pen (see -W),
or sets pen attributes.
sp. -t[pen] Draws the T axis outline using default pen (see
-W), or sets pen attributes.
sp. -: Toggles between (longitude,latitude) and
(latitude,longitude) input/output. [Default is
(longitude,latitude)]
-c Specifies the number of plot copies. [Default is 1]
EXAMPLES
The following file should give a normal-faulting CMT mechan-
ism:
psmeca << END -R239/240/34/35.2 -Jm4 \
-Sc0.4 -H1 >! test.ps
lon lat depth str dip slip st dip slip mant exp plon
plat
239.384 34.556 12. 180 18 -88 0 72 -90 5.5 0 0
0
END
SEE ALSO
gmtsystem, psbasemap, psxy.
REFERENCES
Bomford, G., Geodesy, 4th ed., Oxford University Press,
1980.
Aki, K. and P. Richards, Quantitative Seismolgy, Freeman,
1980.
F. A. Dahlen and Jeoren Trom, Theoretical Seismology,
Princeton, 1998, p.167.
Cliff Frohlich, Cliff'Nodes Concerning Plotting Nodal Lines
for P, Sh and Sv
Seismological Reasearch Letters, Volume 67, Number 1,
January-February, 1996
Thorne Lay, Terry C. Wallace, Modern Global Seismology,
Academic Press, 1995, p.384.
W.H. Press, S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, B.P. Flannery,
Numerical Recipes in
C, Cambridge University press (routine jacobi)
AUTHORS
Genevieve Patau
CNRS UMR 7580
Seismology Dept.
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
(patau@.ipgp.jussieu.fr)